North Korea is advancing provincial development by building shopping centers, bathhouses, and hair salons across regional areas. The initiative is part of the 20×10 regional development policy aimed at reducing the gap between Pyongyang and the provinces.
Despite ambitious plans, many existing facilities cannot operate due to chronic fuel and electricity shortages. A source in South Hamgyong province said a bathhouse in Chongpyong township closed just two hours after opening because of power cuts.
Previously, North Korea’s wealthy entrepreneurial class, known as donju, operated bathhouses and maintained consistent hours using private fuel and electricity. State policies banning private operation have removed donju from the market, leaving both old and new facilities at risk of closure.
The government continues to promote provincial development as a national priority, emphasizing its goal of reducing urban-rural disparities. However, locals describe these efforts as detached from reality, citing frequent power outages as a major obstacle.
During winter, the power supply is expected to worsen, further limiting the functionality of shopping centers and public amenities. Many young North Koreans still see Pyongyang as more desirable than regional facilities, despite the new constructions.
Experts note that provincial development initiatives face structural challenges beyond construction, including limited private enterprise and restricted mobility. Observers argue improving rural living standards requires stable electricity, reliable fuel, and effective local management.
The state continues to invest in regional construction projects to showcase progress. Officials argue provincial development projects serve as models for other areas. Nonetheless, residents doubt that the initiatives can meaningfully improve daily life.
In conclusion, North Korea’s provincial development strategy demonstrates government ambition but faces severe operational obstacles. Without addressing energy shortages and administrative restrictions, new facilities risk remaining empty and underutilized.
