taiwan is rapidly transforming its military approach by committing to an asymmetric defense strategy. This shift reflects growing concerns over a possible invasion by China. Unlike traditional warfare models, Taiwan now focuses on mobility, technology, and cost-effective weapons.
Officials aim to delay or deter Chinese forces long enough to secure outside help, especially from the United States. Mark Montgomery, a senior director at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, praised Taiwan’s military reforms. He noted progress in policy, procurement, and personnel but stressed urgency. “They need to accelerate this effort,” he said.
Taiwan’s air defense system features both local and imported technology. It includes the Sky Bow, Sky Sword II, and Antelope systems, alongside U.S.-made Patriot and NASAMS. The National Chung Shan Institute of Science and Technology now produces 1,000 missiles each year through 16 dedicated lines.
To improve early warnings, Taiwan relies on a powerful U.S.-built radar system. Located 2,620 meters above sea level, the AN/FPS-115 PAVE PAWS radar can detect launches from 5,000 kilometers away.
In preparation for a coastal attack, Taiwan is deploying Hsiung Feng and Harpoon anti-ship missiles. A new Coastal Defense Command will oversee six defense bases starting in 2026. Taiwan also plans to double its fleet of Min Jiang-class minelaying ships under the Yong Jie Project.
The island is expanding its drone forces as part of the asymmetric defense strategy. It aims to deploy over 3,000 domestic drones in five years. Taiwan has also purchased nearly 1,000 loitering munitions like the Switchblade 300 and ALTIUS 600 M-V from the U.S.
In March, Taiwan Shipbuilding Corporation unveiled the Endeavor Manta, its first military unmanned surface vehicle (USV). This vessel carries more than one tonne and travels over 64 kilometers per hour. Another USV prototype, the Kuai Chi, is now under testing.
Professor Alessio Patalano from King’s College London emphasized the importance of affordable and mobile defense assets. She said success depends on both military commitment and political will.
Still, major challenges remain. Some U.S. experts have urged Taiwan to increase defense spending to 10% of GDP. Premier Cho Jung-tai responded that such a goal is “impossible,” citing budget constraints.
Recent budget cuts proposed by the Kuomintang and Taiwan People’s Party have slowed progress. In January, both parties reduced funding for military facilities and froze half the budget for Taiwan’s submarine program.
Recruitment is also a concern. By the end of 2023, Taiwan filled only 78% of its 215,000 military positions. To boost numbers, President Lai Ching-te introduced larger enlistment bonuses in March. New recruits now receive NT$12,000, and junior officers can get NT$15,000.
Meanwhile, Taiwan is modernizing training for systems like Stinger missiles and drones. These updates are key to reinforcing the asymmetric defense strategy and ensuring readiness for future threats.
