Japan’s low birth rate continues to draw national concern, and a recent survey by The Yomiuri Shimbun identifies late or non-marriage as the top reason. Conducted from March 24 to April 30, the poll showed that 71% of respondents blame the trend of marrying late or remaining single for the country’s population decline.
Closely behind, 64% said the high cost of raising and educating children discourages family growth. Additionally, 43% cited the rise of unstable employment and young adults struggling to reach financial independence.
One 31-year-old advertising worker in Kanagawa said, “The cost of sending just one child through college can top ¥10 million. It makes me hesitant about marriage or children.” He also noted that his student debt repayment of ¥25,000 per month until 2037 adds pressure.
His experience reflects a widespread issue. As of 2022, 55% of full-time university students relied on student loans, according to the Japan Student Services Organization. In response, some local governments are stepping in. For example, Gifu Prefecture now offers support for student loan repayments, including incentives to attract new residents.
At the corporate level, change is also happening. As of April 2025, over 3,400 companies contribute toward their employees’ student loan payments, helping ease financial burdens.
Yet financial strain is not the only challenge affecting Japan’s low birth rate. The survey found that 57% of respondents believe non-regular employment leads people to delay or avoid marriage.
Naoko Kuga of the NLI Research Institute pointed out the ¥3 million income threshold. According to her, once individuals surpass this amount annually, their chances of marriage increase. “Stable income plays a crucial role,” she added.
Social isolation adds another layer. Many young people have fewer chances to meet potential partners. In Ehime Prefecture, an AI-powered matchmaking program has led to 1,600 marriages in 17 years.
Meanwhile, dating apps are rising in popularity. A 2024 survey by the Children and Families Agency revealed that 25% of married individuals aged 15–39 met their partner through dating apps — the highest among all methods.
As Japan’s low birth rate continues to impact the nation, both government and private sectors are focusing on coordinated efforts — from matchmaking to student debt relief — to reverse the trend.
