North Korea is advancing missile engine upgrades at its Sohae satellite launch complex, preparing for Hwasaong-20 intercontinental ballistic missile testing. Satellite imagery shows construction and modifications at the horizontal engine test stand, suggesting officials are reinforcing the site to support larger engines.
Images from October and November show workers removing a shelter covering the engine mount and thrust block. Analysts believe the changes may strengthen the block to handle greater stress. Madeline Berzak, manager of the Nuclear Risk Program at the University of Chicago, said workers may be adjusting the cylinder inside the concrete block to support bigger motors.
North Korea conducted its last solid-fuel first-stage motor test at this horizontal stand on September 8. Officials called it the ninth and final test of that engine. The Hwasaong-20, displayed during the October 10 military parade, has yet to undergo a test launch. Experts believe the upgrades could precede a new engine test before a full missile launch.
Meanwhile, North Korea continues activity at the vertical engine test stand, mostly used for liquid-fuel engines. Satellite imagery from late September shows limited burn marks, possibly from an upper-stage engine test. The country has largely abandoned liquid-fuel ICBMs but continues preparing for satellite launches. Workers also built new structures near the coastal launchpad in September to hide vehicle movement. Satellite images show an 80-meter cargo ship at the pier on October 23, likely delivering rocket components.
Observers say the Sohae complex developments indicate a push to enhance North Korea’s long-range missile capabilities. Analysts warn these upgrades could accelerate missile tests and satellite launches while drawing increased international attention. They note the Hwasaong-20’s development remains closely monitored as the country advances solid-fuel ICBM technology.
The missile engine upgrades reflect North Korea’s broader efforts to modernize its strategic weapons infrastructure. Experts expect continued monitoring of both horizontal and vertical stands. Satellite and intelligence data will guide future assessments of missile capabilities and regional security implications.
