The South Korea-US alliance plays a crucial role in deterring threats from China while supporting global semiconductor supply chains. Analysts describe the partnership as both a strategic asset and a military burden. The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace noted that South Korea’s economic and military power contributes significantly to the alliance. However, Washington bears much of the military responsibility, creating potential risks. Moreover, Seoul focuses primarily on North Korea, limiting its direct counter-China military actions.
The report assessed seven key US allies, including Japan, Germany, Australia, the Philippines, France, the UK, and South Korea. It evaluated each country’s contributions to America’s China strategy across military, economic, and technological dimensions. Researchers highlighted that Japan and Germany align closely with US goals. South Korea, however, presents a more complex picture. Analysts said the country requires substantial US military investment, which could entangle Washington in regional conflicts.
Despite military burdens, South Korea plays an indispensable role in nonmilitary areas. The nation ranks as the world’s second-largest chip producer and is building the largest semiconductor manufacturing hub globally. These developments strengthen the US strategy of “friendshoring” supply chains away from China. In addition, Seoul has adjusted portions of its technology industry to align with US interests following the CHIPS Act. Consequently, South Korea-US alliance benefits include both security and economic advantages.
South Korea also produces critical minerals used in advanced batteries and defense technologies, including electronics-grade silicon and high-purity tungsten. The Sangdong mine in Gangwon Province is emerging as a key non-Chinese source of tungsten, supported by US investment. Analysts said this makes South Korea essential for Washington’s technological competitiveness. Furthermore, the nation’s semiconductor and mineral output underscores why the South Korea-US alliance remains strategically valuable.
The partnership illustrates the dilemmas facing US foreign policy. While South Korea contributes crucial technology and supply capabilities, asymmetries in military responsibilities create potential entanglements. Nevertheless, Seoul is gradually deepening cooperation with Washington and Tokyo in response to China’s rise. Analysts noted that although South Korea still prioritizes economic stability, it is taking incremental steps toward closer strategic alignment with the United States.
Overall, the South Korea-US alliance strengthens chip supply and supports global technological resilience, but it carries a significant military burden for Washington. The partnership combines economic, technological, and security dimensions, highlighting both opportunities and risks. Analysts emphasize monitoring South Korea’s evolving strategic posture while leveraging its semiconductor and critical mineral capabilities.
